One idea that seems to be growing in support is a bicycle excise tax that would be charged at the point of sale of new bikes and/or bike parts.
Back in December, the bike movement's biggest champion on Capitol Hill, Rep. Earl Blumenauer told a crowd assembled for the Cities for Cycling launch:
"... he added that "investments from the bicycling community" to help pay for better road quality and more bike infrastructure might be a smart move. "In fairness," Blumenauer said, "we'd be better off if we had a tiny fee" on some cycling equipment, such as a bike tire tax."
A bike tax is already in use in several other countries and cities. Colorado has one. So does the U.K.

If we tax something, we get less of it. In this case, we get less exercise (healthy people) more pollution, more oil imports, and more black markets.